Expressing Hypothesis and Supposition in English (B2 Level)
When making hypotheses or suppositions in English, we use different expressions and verb structures. Here is a list of useful phrases and their usage:
1. Modal Verbs for Hypothesis
- Might / May / Could → To express possibility.
The family in the painting might be waiting for a train.
It could be that they have been abandoned in the city.
- Must → To express a strong assumption.
They must be feeling lost and anxious.
- Can’t / Couldn't → To express a strong impossibility.
This can’t be a happy moment for them.
2. Conditional Sentences for Hypothesis
- Second Conditional (hypothetical situations in the present/future)
If they had a home to return to, they wouldn’t be standing there with their suitcase.
- Third Conditional (hypothetical situations in the past)
If they had left earlier, they might have caught the last bus.
3. Other Useful Expressions
- I suppose / I imagine / I guess
I imagine they are waiting for someone to pick them up.
- It seems / It looks like
It seems that they are in a deserted part of the city.
- It is likely / unlikely that…
It is unlikely that they know exactly what will happen next.
- There is a chance that…
There is a chance that they are immigrants arriving in a new country.
- They appear to be…
They appear to be exhausted from a long journey.